Electrodes can be classified into three types according to the state of the materials constituting the electrodes.

The first type of electrodes are metal electrodes and gas electrodes, such as zinc electrodes and copper electrodes in Daniel cells, and standard hydrogen electrodes;

The second type of electrodes is metal-metal refractory salt electrodes and metal-metal refractory oxide electrodes, such as Ag-AgCl electrodes.

The third type of electrode is a redox electrode (any electrode is a redox electrode, and the redox electrode mentioned here means that the substances participating in the electrode reaction are all in the same solution), such as Fe3+ and Fe2+ solutions.

The electrodes are the conductors through which current flows in and out of the electrolyte during electrolysis. The electrolysis process is a redox reaction that occurs at the electrode phase interface.

The electrodes are divided into cathode and anode. The anode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the oxidation reaction occurs at the anode; the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and the reduction reaction occurs at the cathode.

There are many types of electrolytic materials, carbon electrodes are commonly used, and metals such as titanium can also be used as electrodes. In electroplating, the metal-containing plating metal is often used as the anode, and the plated product is used as the cathode.

2. Application:

Compared with other carbon products, carbon electrodes have the characteristics of a wide range of applications and can be used in submerged arc furnaces for smelting industrial silicon, yellow phosphorus, calcium carbide, and ferroalloys. Carbon electrodes are now used in submerged arc furnaces in developed countries.

At present, it has begun to replace graphite electrodes with higher prices in industrial silicon and yellow phosphorus smelting furnaces. On a submerged arc furnace of the same capacity, compared with graphite electrodes, the diameter of carbon electrodes can be made larger (at present, carbon electrodes of Φ650-Φ can be produced in China, and domestic graphite electrodes can only be made of Φ), making the furnace The inner arc belt is widened and the arc is stable, which ensures the efficiency of hot melting, improves the output of products and reduces the power consumption of products. Reduce the cost of smelting ferrosilicon by 300-400 yuan per ton, and reduce the cost of smelting calcium carbide by more than 100 yuan per ton.

Carbon electrodes are energy-saving and environmentally friendly products. Used in calcium carbide and ferroalloy submerged arc furnaces, it can greatly reduce the power consumption of smelting and reduce pollution. It is an updated product of electrode paste. Compared with electrode paste self-baking electrodes, submerged arc furnaces with the same capacity have the following characteristics: Increase the output of smelting submerged arc furnaces, and reduce power consumption by 15-20%; Reduce labor intensity (smelting 1 ton of ferroalloy consumes 60kg of electrode paste, carbon electrodes consume only About 12kg, reducing the number of electrode operations), simplifying the production process; avoiding or reducing the "soft break" and "hard break" accidents that often occur in self-baking electrodes, improving the working environment and saving operating costs.